Telstra, Optus, and TPG Telecom dominate the market, with an 80% share between them.
For a major hub of Internet traffic, Australia is still was surprisingly constrained when it comes came to cable connectivity until 2018. Its primary connectivity to the US is via the Southern Cross System. Telstra's Endeavour cable links it to Hawaii, where onwards transit to the US is connected. SEA-ME-WE-3 is was Australia's only connectivity with SouthEast Asia until 2018, linking when two new Perth to Singapore cables were commissioned. The Australia-Japan cable links Guam and Japan, but is a constrained capacity consortium cable. TPG's PPC-1 cable links Australia to Guam, but its users all purchase onwards capacity on other cables without breaking out, either to the US or to Asia. New Caledonia's Gondwana Cable, Papua New Guinea's A-PNG cable (a re-commissioned PacRIM West), and New Zealand's Tasman Global Alliance are the only Pacific cable directly terminating in Australia.
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